Fiber laser cutting machine is one of the most important applications in the laser processing industry
Fiber laser cutting machine is the most important application technology in the laser processing industry, accounting for more than 70% of the entire laser processing industry. Compared with other cutting methods, the fiber laser cutting machine has the characteristics of high speed, high precision and high adaptability. At the same time, it also has the advantages of fine slitting, small heat-affected zone, good cutting surface quality, no noise during cutting, and easy automatic control of the cutting process. Therefore, the current fiber laser cutting machine has been widely used in automotive, rolling stock manufacturing, aviation, chemical, light industry, electrical and electronic, petroleum and metallurgical industries. The lasers used in the fiber laser cutting machine technology mainly include two types: carbon dioxide lasers and fiber lasers. The cutting machine equipped with fiber laser has great advantages in efficiency and quality in the field of thin plate cutting, but it is inferior to carbon dioxide laser in cutting quality of thick plates, especially when cutting small holes in thick plates. In this paper, fiber laser cutting machine is used to study the actual process cutting, optimize the combined cutting process, and solve the problem of poor quality of small holes in the fiber cutting thick carbon steel plate, so that the fiber laser is more widely used in cutting thick carbon steel plate.
Fiber laser cutting machine research platform and material introduction manufacturing FL513i fiber optic fiber laser cutting machine. The cutting system consists of two parts: a CNC machine tool and a laser. The laser is a 2000W fiber laser from Rofin, Germany, with a power range of 0 to 2000W. The CNC machine tool is equipped with the German Beckhoff CNC system and servo drive system, as well as the more advanced Procut-ter automatic focusing cutting head from German Pretzt, as shown in Figure 2. The aperture of the cutting nozzle used for cutting is ø2.3mm, and the auxiliary gas for cutting is oxygen. The plate used in the experiment is a low carbon steel plate (A3) with a thickness of 16mm and a size of 200mm×500mm. The research cutting hole size is ø10mm. By modifying different process parameters such as fiber laser power, cutting speed, oxygen pressure, focus position, etc., the change rule of process parameters affecting the cutting quality is found to achieve the purpose of good processing. The judgment of the cutting quality of round holes is mainly through the following aspects:
①The stripes and roughness of the surface of the cutting gap. When cutting with auxiliary gas, stripes will appear on the surface of the slit. The thinner the stripes and the shallower the depth of the stripes, the better the cutting quality; ②The degree of slagging on the incision. The degree of slagging directly reflects the quality of the fiber laser cutting machine. The less slagging, the better the cutting quality; ③The thermal effect and overburning. It is related to the small profile and whether it can continuously obtain better cutting quality in continuous cutting. The smaller the thermal effect, the more stable the cutting quality; ④The width of the cutting gap. For metal processing, the cutting quality is relatively small; the verticality and consistency of the cut on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate are good. It is mainly measured by calipers. The flatter the cut on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate and the closer the size, the better the cutting effect.
In the experiment, the operability of the fiber laser cutting machine to the measurement and the particularity of cutting small holes in thick plates are mainly judged through the first three aspects. For the convenience of recording, the effects of the three aspects are numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 from good to bad (where 0 means better effect, 5 means poor effect or unable to cut.