Introduction to the principle and classification of metal laser cutting machine

Introduction to the principle and classification of metal cutting machine

1. Principle Laser cutting machine uses a focused high-power density laser beam to irradiate the workpiece, so that the irradiated material quickly Melting, vaporizing, ablating or reaching the ignition point, while blowing away the molten material with the help of the high-speed airflow coaxial with the beam, so as to realize the cutting of the workpiece. Laser cutting is one of the thermal cutting methods.

2. Classification Laser cutting can be divided into four types: laser vaporization cutting, laser melting cutting, laser oxygen cutting, laser scribing and controlled fracture.

1) Laser vaporization cutting uses a high-energy density laser beam to heat the workpiece, so that the temperature rises rapidly, reaching the boiling point of the material in a very short time, and the material begins to vaporize and form Steam. The jetting speed of these vapors is very high, and at the same time as the vapor jets, cuts are formed in the material. The heat of vaporization of materials is generally very large, so a large power and power density are required for laser vaporization and cutting. Laser vaporization cutting is mostly used for cutting extremely thin metal materials and non-metal materials (such as paper, cloth, wood, plastic, rubber, etc.).

2) Laser melting and cutting When laser melting and cutting, the metal material is melted by laser heating, and then non-oxidizing gas (Ar, He , N, etc.), relying on the strong pressure of the gas to discharge the liquid metal to form an incision. Laser melting and cutting do not need to vaporize the metal completely, and the energy required is only 1/10 of that of vaporized cutting. Laser melting cutting is mainly used for cutting some materials that are not easy to oxidize or active metals, such as stainless steel, titanium, aluminum and their alloys.

3) Laser oxygen cutting The principle of laser oxygen cutting is similar to oxyacetylene cutting. It uses a laser as a preheating heat source and an active gas such as oxygen as the cutting gas. On the one hand, the blown gas reacts with the cutting metal to cause oxidation reaction and release a large amount of oxidation heat; on the other hand, the molten oxide and melt are blown out of the reaction zone to form an incision in the metal. Since the oxidation reaction in the cutting process generates a lot of heat, the energy required for laser oxygen cutting is only 1/2 of the melting cutting, and the cutting speed is much faster than laser vaporization cutting and melting cutting. Laser oxygen cutting is mainly used for easily oxidized metal materials such as carbon steel, titanium steel and heat-treated steel.

4) Laser scribing and controlled fracture Laser scribing uses a high-energy-density laser to scan the surface of brittle materials, so that the material is heated to evaporate a small groove, and then When a certain pressure is applied, the brittle material will crack along the small groove. The lasers used for laser scribing are generally Q-switched lasers and CO2 lasers.

Controlled fracture is the use of the steep temperature distribution generated when the laser groove is carved, which generates local thermal stress in the brittle material and causes the material to break along the small groove.

The above is an introduction to the principle of the metal laser cutting machine. The metal laser cutting machine is a kind of automatic typesetting machine equipment, which can save a lot of materials, and the material cut by the metal laser cutting machine is very flat, and its incision is very smooth. The price of such equipment as metal laser cutting machine is not cheap, and the general price is more than ten to twenty thousand, but this type of equipment can reduce the processing cost during the operation. Most processing manufacturers will choose this equipment, which can reduce the manufacturing cost and processing cost of the enterprise.